Orban OPTIMOD-AM 9400 Effect Processor
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Modello:
OPTIMOD-AM 9400
Data:
2009
Categoria:
Gruppo:
Descrizione:
Digital Audio Processor
Informazioni
Orban's all-digital 9400 OPTIMOD-AM Audio Processor can help
you achieve the highest possible quality in AM shortwave,
medium wave and long wave broadcast sound. OPTIMOD-AM
delivers louder, cleaner, brighter, FM-like audio with an
open, fatigue-free quality that attracts listeners and holds
them. Because all processing is performed by high-speed
mathematical calculations within Motorola DSP56362 digital
signal processing chips, the processing has cleanliness,
quality, and stability over time and temperature that is
unmatched by analog processors.
The 9400 supports iBiquity’s HD AM® in-band on-channel
digital radio system. The digital radio processing can also
be used for simulcast netcasts or DRM digital broad-
casts. In this manual, the processing for these applications
will be referred to as “HD AM” processing, even though HD AM
is only one application.
OPTIMOD-AM 9400 is descended from the industry-standard 9100
and 9200 OPTIMOD-AM audio processors. Thousands of these
processors are on the air all over the world. They have
proven that the “OPTIMOD sound” attracts and keeps an
audience even in the most competitive commercial environment.
Because OPTIMOD-AM incorporates several audio processing
innovations exclusive to Orban products, you should not
assume that it can be operated in the same way as less
sophisticated processors. If you do, you may get
disappointing results. Take a little time now to familiarize
yourself with OPTIMOD-AM. A small investment
of your time now will yield large dividends in audio quality.
OPTIMOD-AM was designed to deliver a high-quality FM-like
sound to the listener's ear by pre-processing for the
limitations of the average car or table radio (while
avoiding audible side effects and compromises in loudness or
coverage). Because such processing can make audible many
defects ordinarily lost in the usual sea of
AM mud, it is very important that the source audio be as
clean as possible. Orban's publication Maintaining Audio
Quality in the Broadcast Facility (available in .pdf
form from ftp.orban.com) contains valuable information and
specific suggestions for improving the quality of your audio.
The rest of Section 1 explains how OPTIMOD-AM fits into the
AM broadcast facility.
Section 2 explains how to install it and set it up. Section
3 tells how to operate OPTIMOD-AM.
Sections 4 through 6 provide reference information.
For best results, feed OPTIMOD-AM unprocessed audio. No
other audio processing is necessary or desirable.
If you wish to place level protection prior to your studio /
Transmitter link (STL), use an Orban studio level control
system expressly designed for this purpose. (At the
time of this writing, this is the Orban 8200ST
OPTIMOD-Studio Compressor/limiter / HF Limiter / Clipper.)
The 8200ST can be adjusted so that it substitutes for the broad-
band AGC circuitry in OPTIMOD-AM, which is then defeated.
Making the Most of the AM Channel
The 9400 is suitable for long wave, medium wave, and
shortwave (HF) broadcasts.
OPTIMOD-AM rides gain over an adjustable range of up to
25dB, compressing dynamic range and compensating for
operator gain-riding errors and for gain inconsistencies in
automated systems.
OPTIMOD-AM increases the density and loudness of the program
material by multiband limiting and multiband
distortion-canceling clipping, improving the consistency of
the station's sound and increasing loudness and definition
without producing audible side effects.
OPTIMOD-AM precisely controls peak levels to prevent
overmodulation. Asymmetry in the analog processing channel
is adjustable from 100% to 150% positive peak modulation.
OPTIMOD-AM compensates for the high- and low-frequency
rolloffs of typical AM receivers with a fully adjustable
program Equalizer providing up to 20dB of high-frequency
boost (at 5 kHz) without producing the side effects en-
countered in conventional processors. This Equalizer can
thus produce extreme pre-emphasis that is appropriate for
very narrow-band radios. OPTIMOD-AM's fully parametric low-
and mid-frequency equalizers allow you to tailor your air
sound to your precise requirements and desires. OPTIMOD-AM
also fully supports the NRSC standard pre-emphasis curve.
OPTIMOD-AM is a stereo processor that fully protects CQUAM®
transmissions, conservatively complying with Motorola’s
processing requirements that negative peak modulation on the
left and right channels be limited to –75% modulation.
OPTIMOD-AM supports the iBiquity HD Radio® system. Except
for common stereo enhancement and AGC, the HD AM processor
is an independent processing chain with its own set of
user-adjustable parameters, maintaining 15 kHz audio
bandwidth (per iBiquity’s specifications) regardless of the
bandwidth setting of the processing intended for the analog
channel. To ensure source-to-source consistency, the digital
radio processing includes full five-band
compression/limiting that is independent of the five-band
compression/limiting in the
analog processing chain. This output can also be used for
netcasts.
Orban’s PreCodeTM technology manipulates several aspects of
the audio to minimize artifacts caused by low bitrate
codecs, ensuring consistent loudness and texture from one
source to the next. There are several HD factory presets
tuned specifically for low bitrate codecs. These presets
have “LBR” in their names.
Controllable and Adjustable
The 9400 comes with a wide variety of factory presets to
accommodate almost any user requirement. The user can
readily modify these presets. Modified presets can be stored
and recalled on command. Advanced Control (accessible
from the PC Remote application) facilitates detailed sound
design using the same controls that were available to the
factory programmers.
An LCD and full-time LED meters make setup, adjustment and
programming of OPTIMOD-AM easy — you can always see the
metering while you’re adjusting the processor. Navigation is
by dedicated buttons, soft buttons (whose functions
are context-sensitive), and a large rotary knob. The LEDs
show all metering functions.
OPTIMOD-AM contains a versatile real-time clock, which
allows automation of various events (including recalling
presets) at pre-programmed times.
A Bypass Test Mode can be invoked locally, by remote control
(from either the 9400’s GPI port or the 9400 PC Remote
application), or by automation to permit broadcast system
test and alignment or “proof of performance” tests.
OPTIMOD-AM contains a built-in line-up tone generator,
facilitating quick and accurate level setting in any system.
OPTIMOD-AM's software can be upgraded by running
Orban-supplied downloadable upgrade software on a PC. The
upgrade can occur remotely through the 9400’s Ethernet port
or serial port (connected to an external modem), or locally
(by connecting a Windows® computer to the 9400’s serial port
through the supplied null modem cable).
The 9400 can be remote-controlled by 5-12V pulses applied to
eight programmable, optically isolated “general-purpose
interface” (GPI) ports.
9400 PC Remote software runs under Windows 2000 and XP. It
communicates with a given 9400 via TCP/IP over modem, direct
serial, and Ethernet connections. You can configure PC
Remote to switch between many 9400s via a convenient
organizer that supports giving any 9400 an alias and
grouping multiple 9400s into folders. Clicking a 9400’s icon
causes PC Remote to connect to that 9400 through an Ethernet
network, or initiates a Windows Dial-Up or Direct Cable
Connection if appropriate. The PC Remote software allows the
user to access all 9400 features (including advanced
controls not available from the 9400’s front panel), and
allows the user to archive and restore presets, automation
lists, and system setups (containing I/O levels, digital
word lengths, GPI functional assignments, etc.).
Tipo di manuale:
Servizio e manuale utente
Pagine:
295
Dimensione:
5.28 Mbytes (5531639 Bytes)
Lingua:
english
Revisione:
ID del manuale:
96129.120.03
Data:
2009 04 01
Qualità:
Documento elettronico, senza ricerca, molto ben leggibile.
Data caricamento:
2017 10 31
MD5:
d600150ddc719554b6c7ffa8ae401a37
Scaricamenti:
522
Informazioni
Version 1.2 Software
Index ... 0-9
Section
1
Introduction
... 1-1
ABOUT THIS
MANUAL ... 1-1
THE OPTIMOD-AM 9400 DIGITAL AUDIO PROCESSOR
... 1-1
Making the Most of the AM
Channel ... 1-2
Controllable and
Adjustable ... 1-3
Versatile
Installation ... 1-4
PRESETS IN
OPTIMOD-AM ... 1-5
Factory Presets
... 1-5
User Presets
... 1-6
I NPUT/OUTPUT CONFIGURATION
... 1-7
Digital AES3 Left/Right
Input/Outputs ... 1-7
Analog Left/Right Input/Outputs
... 1-7
Remote Control Interface
... 1-8
Computer Interface
... 1-8
RS-232 Serial Port
...
1-8
RJ45 Ethernet Connector
...
1-8
LOCATION OF OPTIMOD-AM
... 1-8
Optimal Control of Peak Modulation Levels
... 1-8
Best Location for OPTIMOD-AM
... 1-10
If the Transmitter is not
accessible: ...
1-10
If the Transmitter is accessible:
...
1-10
STUDIO-TRANSMITTER LINK
... 1-11
Transmission from Studio to
Transmitter ... 1-11
Digital Links
...
1-11
Dual Microwave
STLs ...
1-12
Analog Landline (PTT / Post Office
Line) ...
1-13
AM Transmitters and
Antennas ... 1-13
Bypassing the Transmitter's Internal Filters and
Clippers ... 1-14
Power Supplies
... 1-15
Pre-1965
Transmitters ... 1-16
Asymmetry
... 1-16
Transmission Presets and Transmitter Equalization
... 1-17
Antenna
System ... 1-19
USING LOSSY DATA REDUCTION IN THE
STUDIO ... 1-19
ABOUT TRANSMISSION LEVELS AND METERING
... 1-20
Meters
... 1-20
Figure 1-1: Absolute Peak Level, VU and PPM Reading
... 1-21
Studio Line-up Levels and Headroom
... 1-21
Transmission
Levels ... 1-21
LINE-UP FACILITIES
... 1-22
Metering of
Levels ... 1-22
Built-in Calibrated Line-up
Tones ...
1-22
Built-in Calibrated Bypass Test
Mode ...
1-22
MONITORING ... 1-23
Modulation Monitors and Their RF Amplifiers
... 1-23
Monitoring on Loudspeakers and
Headphones ... 1-2
Headphones
...
1-24
EAS TEST
... 1-24
Figure 1-2: NRSC Modified 75 μs
De-emphasis ...
1-25
PC CONTROL AND SECURITY P
ASSCODE ... 1-25
WHY THE NORTH AMERICAN NRSC
STANDARD? ... 1-26
Figure 1-3: NRSC Lowpass Filter
...
1-26
AM Stereo Introduces a Pre-emphasis Dilemma
... 1-26
NRSC Standard Pre-emphasis and Low-pass Filtering
... 1-27
WARRANTY , USER
FEEDBACK ... 1-28
User
Feedback ... 1-28
LIMITED WARRANTY
... 1-28
INTERNATIONAL WARRANTY
... 1-28
EXTENDED WARRANTY
... 1-29
Section
2
Installation
... 2-1
INSTALLING THE
9400 ... 2-1
Figure 2-1: AC Line Cord Wire
Standard ...
2-2
Figure 2-2: Wiring the 25-pin Remote Interface Connector
... 2-4
Figure 2-3: 9400 Serial Port Pin
Identification ...
2-4
Figure 2-4: Jumper Positions, Monitor Roll-Off Filter
... 2-5
Figure 2-5: Frequency Response Curves as Function of ROLLOFF
Control, Monitor Rolloff
Filter Strapped for 18
dB/Octave ...
2-6
Figure 2-6: Monitor Rolloff Filter Schematic
Diagram ... 2-7
9400 REAR PANEL
... 2-7
INPUT AND OUTPUT CONNECTIONS
... 2-8
Cable ... 2-8
Connectors
... 2-8
Analog Audio
Input ... 2-9
Analog Audio Outputs
... 2-9
AES3 Digital Input and
Output ... 2-10
Grounding ... 2-11
Power
Ground ... 2-11
Circuit Ground
... 2-11
9400 FRONT PANEL
... 2-12
STUDIO LEVEL Controller INSTALLATION (OPTIONAL)
... 2-13
If you are using Orban 8200ST external AGC
... 2-14
Figure 2-7: 8200ST Jumper Settings (*Factory Configuration)
... 2-15
QUICK SETUP
... 2-16
ANALOG AND DIGITAL I/O SETUP
... 2-23
Figure 2-8: Effect of the LPF Shape Control with F = 5.0
kHz ... 2-27
Overview of Transmitter
Equalization ...
2-32
Description of the TX EQ Controls
...
2-32
Procedure for LF
Equalization ...
2-32
Figure 2-9: Unequalized RF envelope (showing
tilt) ... 2-33
Figure 2-10: RF envelope requiring no tilt
equalization ... 2-33
Figure 2-11: Unequalized RF envelope (showing ringing)
... 2-35
Figure 2-12: RF envelope showing successful HF
equalization ... 2-35
AUTOMATION USING THE 9400’S INTERNAL CLOCK
... 2-39
SECURITY AND PASSCODE PROGRAMMING
... 2-42
To Create a Passcode:
... 2-4
To Edit a
Passcode: ... 2-43
To Delete a Passcode:
... 2-44
To Lock the Front Panel Immediately:
... 2-44
To Program local lockout:
... 2-44
To Unlock the Front Panel:
... 2-45
Dial-up Networking and the
Passcode ... 2-45
If You Have Forgotten Your
Passcode ... 2-45
REMOTE CONTROL INTERFACE PROGRAMMING
... 2-46
NETWORKING AND REMOTE CONTROL
... 2-47
RECALLING PRESETS VIA ETHERNET USING TERMINAL EMULATOR
SOFTWARE ... 2-50
To set a different port number:
...
2-50
To recall a preset:
...
2-51
I NSTALLING 9400 PC REMOTE CONTROL SOFTWARE
... 2-51
Installing the Necessary Windows
Services ... 2-52
Check Hardware
Requirements ... 2-52
Running the Orban Installer Program
... 2-53
Setting Up Ethernet, LAN, and VPN Connections
... 2-54
Conclusion ... 2-54
SYNCHRONIZING OPTIMOD TO A NETWORK TIME
SERVER ... 2-55
Table 2-1: NIST-referenced
timeservers ...
2-55
APPENDIX: SETTING UP SERIAL COMMUNICATIONS
... 2-59
Preparing for Communication through Null Modem Cable
... 2-59
Connecting Using Windows 2000 Direct Serial
Connection: ... 2-59
Connecting Using Windows XP Direct Serial Connection
... 2-64
Preparing for Communication through Modems
... 2-69
Connecting Using Windows 2000 Modem Connection
... 2-69
Connecting using Windows XP Modem Connection
... 2-75
UPDATING YOUR 9400’S
SOFTWARE ... 2-81
Section
3
Operation
... 3-1
9400 FRONT PANEL
... 3-1
SOME AUDIO PROCESSING CONCEPTS
... 3-3
Loudness and density
...
3-4
OPTIMOD-AM
PROCESSING ... 3-5
AM Processing: The Art of Compromise
... 3-6
Shortwave/HF Processing
...
3-7
Working
Together ...
3-8
Processing for Low Bitrate Codecs and HD
Radio ... 3-8
Fundamental Requirements: High-Quality Source Material and
Accurate
Monitoring ... 3-10
Low-Delay Monitoring for Headphones
...
3-10
Monitor Rolloff Filter for the Analog AM
Channel ... 3-11
Reference Radios for Adjusting the Analog AM Processing
... 3-11
Modulation
Monitors ...
3-12
More About Audio Processing
... 3-12
Judging
Loudness ...
3-13
Reverberation
...
3-13
CUSTOMIZING THE 9400’S SOUND
... 3-14
Basic
Modify ... 3-14
Full Modify
... 3-1
Gain Reduction Metering
... 3-17
To Create or Save a User Preset
... 3-17
FACTORY PROGRAMMING PRESETS
... 3-18
To import an HD preset from the 9400’s front panel:
... 3-20
To import an HD preset from PC
Remote: ...
3-20
Description of the Analog AM Factory Presets
... 3-21
Table 3-1: Analog AM Factory Programming Presets
... 3-22
Description of the Digital Radio (HD) Factory Presets
... 3-24
Table 3-2: Digital Radio Factory Programming
Presets ... 3-24
Equalizer CONTROLS
... 3-28
Table 3-3: Equalization Controls
...
3-29
Figure 3-1: HF Receiver Equalizer
Curves ...
3-33
STEREO ENHANCER CONTROLS
... 3-36
Table 3-4: Stereo Enhancer
Controls ...
3-36
Table 3-5: AGC
Controls ...
3-37
AGC CONTROLS
... 3-37
Advanced AGC
Controls ... 3-40
CLIPPER CONTROLS
... 3-42
Table 3-6: Clipper Controls
...
3-42
Table 3-7: Multiband and Distortion Controls
...
3-45
MULTIBAND DYNAMICS PROCESSING
... 3-45
Table 3-8: MB Attack / Release Controls
...
3-46
Table 3-9: MB Band Mix
Controls ...
3-48
Advanced Multiband
Controls ... 3-52
TEST MODES
... 3-54
Table 3-10: Test Modes
...
3-54
ABOUT THE 9400’ S DIGITAL RADIO
PROCESSING ... 3-55
Delay Difference between Digital-Channel and AM Outputs
... 3-56
Table 3-11: Digital Radio I/O Setup Controls
...
3-56
Digital Radio I/O Setup
Controls ... 3-56
Monitoring
...
3-56
Analog Outputs
...
3-57
Digital Outputs
...
3-57
Stereo/Mono
Mode ...
3-58
Table 3-12: Digital Radio Multiband
Controls ...
3-58
Digital Radio Operating
Controls ... 3-58
Table 3-13: Digital Radio Band Mix
Controls ...
3-60
USING THE 9400 PC REMOTE CONTROL SOFTWARE
... 3-61
To set up a new connection:
... 3-61
To initiate communication:
... 3-62
To modify a control
setting: ... 3-63
To recall a
preset: ... 3-63
To import an HD
preset: ... 3-63
To save a user preset you have created:
... 3-64
To back up User Presets, system files, and automation files
onto your computer’s
hard
drive: ... 3-64
To restore archived presets, system files, and automation
files: ... 3-65
To modify INPUT/OUTPUT and SYSTEM SETUP:
... 3-66
To modify AUTOMATION:
... 3-66
To group multiple 9400s:
... 3-66
Navigation Using the Keyboard
... 3-66
To Quit the
Program ... 3
About Aliases created by Optimod 9400 PC Remote Software
... 3-67
Multiple Installations of Optimod 9400 PC Remote
... 3-67
To share an archived User Preset between
9400s: ...
3-69
Section
4
Maintenance
... 4-1
ROUTINE MAINTENANCE
... 4-1
SUBASSEMBLY REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT
... 4-2
FIELD AUDIT OF
PERFORMANCE ... 4-6
Table 4-1: Decoder Chart for Power Supervisor
... Table
4-2: Layout Diagram of J7, with expected voltages on each
pin ... Table 4-3: Typical Power Supply
Voltages and AC Ripple
... Section
5
Troubleshooting
... 5-1
4-8
4-9
4-9
PROBLEMS AND POTENTIAL SOLUTIONS
... 5-1
RFI, Hum, Clicks, or
Buzzes ...
5-1
Poor Peak Modulation
Control ...
5-1
Audible Distortion
On-Air ...
5-2
Audible Noise on Air
...
5-3
Shrill, Harsh Sound
...
5-4
Dull Sound
...
5-4
Excessive Occupied
Bandwidth ...
5-4
System Will Not Pass Line-Up Tones at 100% Modulation
... 5-5
System Will Not Pass Emergency Alert System (“EAS” USA
Standard) Tones at the
Legally Required Modulation Level
...
5-5
System Receiving 9400’s Digital Output Will Not Lock
... 5-5
L–R (Stereo Difference Channel) Will Not Null with
Monophonic Input ... 5-5
AM Analog and Digital Channels Have Unequal Loudness
... 5-5
Loudness Decreases Momentarily When the Radio Crossfades
between Analog and
Digital Channels
...
5-6
Excessive Sibilance (“ess” sounds) in the Digital Radio
Channel ... 5-6
“Swishing,” “Phasing,” or “Underwater” Artifacts in the
Digital Radio Channel ... 5-6
General Dissatisfaction with Subjective Sound
Quality ... 5-6
Security Passcode Lost (When Unit is Locked Out)
... 5-7
Connection Issues between the 9400 and a PC, Modem, or
Network ... 5-7
Troubleshooting
Connections ... 5-8
You Cannot Access the Internet After Making a Direct or
Modem Connection to
the 9400:
... 5-8
OS-SPECIFIC TROUBLESHOOTING ADVICE
... 5-9
Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Direct
Connect: ... 5-9
Troubleshooting Windows 2000 Modem
Connect: ... 5-10
Troubleshooting Windows XP Direct Connect:
... 5-11
Troubleshooting Windows XP Modem Connect:
... 5-12
TROUBLESHOOTING IC OPAMPS
... 5-13
TECHNICAL
SUPPORT ... 5-14
F ACTORY SERVICE
... 5-14
SHIPPING INSTRUCTIONS
... 5-14
Section
6
Technical Data
SPECIFICATIONS
... 6-1
Performance ... 6-1
Installation
... 6-2
CIRCUIT
DESCRIPTION ... 6-4
Overview
... 6-5
Control Circuits
... 6-5
User Control Interface and LCD Display Circuits
... 6-6
Input
Circuits ... 6-7
Output
Circuits ... 6-9
DSP
Circuit ... 6-10
Power Supply
... 6-11
ABBREVIATIONS
... 6-11
P ARTS
LIST ... 6-13
Obtaining Spare Parts
... 6-13
Base Board
... 6-14
CPU Module
... 6-15
RS-232
Board ... 6-17
Power Supply
... 6-17
Input/Output (I/O) Board: Main
Board ... 6-18
Input/Output (I/O) Board: Daughter Board
... 6-23
DSP
Board ... 6-23
Display Board
... 6-25
SCHEMATICS AND P ARTS LOCATOR DRAWINGS
... 6-26